Full-Form of TCP-IP
TCP-IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TCP-IP is a set of communication protocols or rules which used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP also used as communication protocol in the private network (an Extranet or an Intranet).
TCP collects and reassembles the packets of data, while IP is responsible for making sure that the packets are sent to its right destination.
It was built in 1978 and driven by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn.
TCP/IP is a commonly used as standard for transmitting data over the different networks.
The two protocols in the TCP-IP suite have some specific functions as described below:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
In TCP, it specifies that how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also handles that how a single message is assembled into smaller packets before they transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.
IP (Internet Protocol)
IP is the address system of the Internet which delivering packet information from a source to destination device. In which network connections can be made, and it establishes the basis of the Internet. IP doesn’t handle error checking or packet ordering.
How TCP/IP Works
The client-server model of communication is used by TCP/IP in which a Client (a user or machine) provide the service like sending a webpage to the Server (another computer) in the network.
TCP/IP Model Layers
The TCP/IP model is different from the OSI model which is most general and best suited for non TCP/IP networks. Normally there is a protocol stack existed which is used in network communication. such type of stack combines one or more layers. Such a model is known as TCP/IP model. Generally TCP/IP model is used in modern computers.
Application Layer
This layer combines the functions of OSI model like application, presentation, session layers. This layer makes use of protocols for e-mail or file transfer. The commonly used protocols are,
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ( HTTP)
- File Transfer Protocol ( FTP )
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( SMTP )
Transport Layer
The transport layer enables that packets are received in the order in which they were sent. and also finds that no data is lost or corrupted.
The Two main protocols are used in this layer and those are,
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Internet Layer
The data sent in the form of packets over the Internet layer is known as Datagram. The Internet layer makes use of IP addressing to determine the address of device it is communicate with.
Network Layer
This layer combines the physical and data layers. The task of the network layer is to route the data between devices present in the same network. This layer performs the mapping of both the IP addresses and network physical addresses.
Physical Layer
This layer ensures that, the safe and efficient transmission of data. It made up of electronic circuits for transmission of data.